Finding Ways to Save for College

By  Kate Welker, CFP®

It is again the back to school season. Preschool through college school will look different for students this year, but one thing is the same. The changing of the year, feeling of a fresh start, and thinking about the future year ahead. For older students we are discussing college plans and for those of you with young children you may be thinking about planning for your children's eventual college. With a growing student loan debt load in this country how to pay for college is a concern we like to address. I wanted to share some thoughts on a few unique ways to think about saving for education.

Childcare Expenses- If you are paying for daycare or after school programs this is a large expense you are already budgeting for and handling with your current income. Once your children are old enough to not need that expense, convert it and start putting that same amount into their college savings. Depending on the age of children and area you live most people are paying between $8,000 and $15,000 a year for daycare. As that number decreases and then goes away that is a large amount to be contributing each year. 

Side hustle- I've had a few friends recently start a small business on the side and nickname them "college fund" jobs. They are committing to putting all of the earnings from this new venture into college savings. 

Scholarships- This is a huge opportunity for your student to start earning funds for their education. This takes time and diligence on their part, but starting in their freshman year have them look for these opportunities. Have them search out competitions that focus around their strengths such as writing, debate, or technology.

Saving on College- Combined with saving for college consider ways to save ON college expenses. Being aware in advance of the full expenses of an institution along with the scholarship and aid available should make a major impact on your choice of where to attend. If there are scholarships available for a particular GPA or test score that is a goal to work towards. 

There are many other creative ways to fund that education goal. We enjoy working with our clients to find their solution. Once your child is in high school (9th grade is not too early!) we offer college planning services and in depth analysis that will compare college costs, grants available, and the total net cost. Contact us for a consultation! 

Five Money Moves for Graduates

By  Kate Welker, CFP®

Graduation, the day you’ve worked towards for years. Once you walk across the stage (or should we say proverbial stage this year) and take that diploma a new stage of life begins. There will be many new decisions and actions ahead of you, but here are a few simple moves to take as you enter that next stage of life.

1) Keep your cost of living below your income. As your income increases it will be easy to start spending more. You might feel like you deserve to splurge after those years of living like a “poor student,” but if you try to keep that mentality for a few years you will be able to build a solid financial foundation. Housing is one of the largest expenses you will encounter so look at ways to keep this low. Consider a roommate or even moving back in with your parents for a period of time. This will allow you to spend less each month and put that money towards your financial goals.

2- Make a plan for your student loans. Take the time to research your loans and to find out the details of each. Reach out for help if this is something  that you are struggling to understand. There are resources such as Loan Buddy (https://www.loanbuddy.us/), loan counselors, or financial planners like the team at Rooted Planning Group (don’t miss out on Becky Eason’s monthly blog on this topic) to help you work through these. Making moves early on these will get you on the right payment plan. If you are able to pay more on these early and lower your principal this will lower your interest paid over time. 

3- Start an emergency savings account. Get in the habit of putting away some money from each paycheck. Check with your bank to see if you can set up an automatic transfer into a separate savings account with each deposit. I also encourage people to make this money harder to get to so it is not tempting to spend it. Even a small amount will start to add up over time and will be available in the case of an emergency (so that expense does not go on a credit card) or the start of long term savings goals.

4- Take advantage of retirement plans. If your employer offers a 401(k) enroll as soon as you are able. If your employer offers a match your first goal should be to defer as much as they will match, for example if they match the first 3% defer at least 3%. That is like free money into your retirement plan. If you don’t have an employer plan you can open your own IRA. Set up transfers into your IRA to correspond with each paycheck.

5- Track your expenses. Just tracking where your money is going will be beneficial. It will make it easier to build a budget when you are ready for that step. Getting in the habit of looking at your expenses and seeing where your money goes naturally makes you more aware of your money. There are numerous apps to track this automatically or if you like to be more hands on you can create a spreadsheet or just write it in a notebook.

While it is tempting to start bumping up your standard of living after school, slowing that process down and being disciplined with your money will help build a strong financial foundation to take you into your future. If you find ways to keep your expenses low and work towards saving and paying down debt you will be ahead of your finances, less stressed over money, and develop long term healthy money habits.

What does your 1040 tell you?

Before we dig into the “year in review,” we’d like to mention a provision that was written in to the CARES Act regarding Donations. Beginning in 2020, there will be an “above the line” charitable deduction (maximum $300) that you will be able to take, even if you don’t itemize. So, save your receipts this year, even if you don’t itemize, those donations will reduce your 2020 tax liability.

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By  Kate Welker, CFP®

This week we would normally be seeing the tax deadline hit and the last minute rush of filers. With the deadline extended the filing season will be drawn out over three more months, but we still encourage you to finalize your return so you can plan accordingly for 2020. Once your return is done you should take time to review the returns and see what the numbers are telling you. Over my years of working with tax returns I have had way too many people tell me they just look to see if they have a refund or owe, sign the return, then stick it in their files. I challenge you not to be one of those individuals. Following are some items I like to look at when assisting with tax planning.

Large Refund- getting a refund is always nice, but if it is a large refund consider why it is so large. If you are over-withholding from your paycheck use the Tax Withholding estimator at www.irs.gov to see how you should adjust your W-4. Your end of the year refund would be smaller, but that could give you several hundred dollars more a month in your budget. 

Balance Due - If you owed over $1,000 on your return you will need to make changes or set up quarterly estimated payment to avoid being penalized on the next year’s return. You can also check the withholding tool at irs.gov to adjust your W-4. 

Credits - Look on your 1040 at lines 13a (Child tax credit) and 13b (other credits from Schedule 3). If there are entries on those lines you received a tax credit. A credit is a dollar for dollar reduction in your tax so changes in these year to year can make a large impact on whether you receive a refund or owe. Take a look at what the credit was for and if this is something that will be the same next year or will change. If you have a child turning 17 you will not receive the child tax credit of $2,000 the following year, this means your refund would be $2,000 less or you would owe $2,000 more. Conversely think about any credits you may qualify in future years. For example if there is a child heading to college you may qualify for the American Opportunity Credit which is up to $2,500. 

Dividends and Capital Gains - If you hold mutual funds or stocks in your portfolio you may have taxable income due to dividends or capital gains distributions. If you find these numbers are large you may want to speak with an advisor to make sure your portfolio is designed correctly for your needs and tax situation. 

Overall your tax return tells you a significant amount of information about your financial situation. These are just a few of the big items I take a look at, but each individual is different. It is one of the places where everything comes together for a quick snapshot. I really want to encourage you to take the time to pull out the papers and look it over, make sure you understand what your income and deductions are, and over time learn a little more about how your information comes together on that 1040 each year.

10 Essential College Selection Criteria Most Students Ignore

In this week’s blog, Financial Planner and Financial Wellness Coach, Amy Irvine, CFP®, EA, MPAS®, CCFC digs into selection criteria often overlooked when selecting a college.

1. Does the school really matter? — Unless you’re planning to enter a highly specialized field, the school may not be as important as you think it is. As long as the school has a good reputation — like many state colleges and universities — why pay more than necessary to obtain a degree? Caution: No matter which school you select, make sure it’s accredited and that the credits will transfer if you need or want to switch to another school or obtain a higher degree.

2. Do they offer the right degree program? — The degree can pay for itself over and over again...or be worthless to employers. While you may have a strong interest in the historical events of the 1700s, it may be difficult to find a job that pays for this type of knowledge. The greatest current demand is in one of the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) fields, but of course, there are other rewarding areas of study as well. Go to PayScale: Majors That Pay You Back to learn more about salaries in your chosen field.

3. What’s the cost? — CNNMoney’s Cost of College Estimator will provide the estimated annual cost, including tuition, fees, and room and board. It also provides the estimated cost after grants and scholarships — both for one year and all four years — based on family income. Looking at the estimated costs both before and after grants and scholarships can have a huge impact on your ultimate choice. Another source is the Department of Education’s Net Price Calculator Center.

   Caution: Many schools include access to student loans in their financial aid numbers and sales materials. Dig a little deeper to find out if it’s truly free money or simply the ability to incur more debt.

   Caution: Most students are unaware that subsidized (the government pays it) student loan interest doesn’t last forever. For first-time borrowers on or after July 1, 2013, the clock is ticking on the time the government will pay interest on their loans. Switching majors, taking too long to graduate, etc., can trigger thousands of dollars of interest on top of the loan amount borrowed.

   Solution: Follow the new guidelines at Federal Student Aid Loan Subsidy [PDF] and New Rules for Subsidized Loans.

4. What’s the graduation rate? — The ultimate objective for most students is to complete their education in the shortest amount of time, and with the degree needed to secure the best job. Plus, if students don’t graduate, it will be hard for them to repay their loans.

   Yet, the National Center for Education Statistics reports that it took six years for 59% of first-time students at four-year institutions to complete their degrees. Obviously, being able to graduate in less time — ideally four years or less — illustrates the school’s commitment to helping students keep costs down and move into the workforce sooner.

   There are two factors to evaluate in this category:

   1. The number of years it takes the average student to graduate — College Results will help compare multiple colleges’ four-, five-, and six-year graduation rates. Also, consider the Pros and Cons of ThreeYear Degree Programs. Example: Rachel failed to research her school before she attended. Due to the schedule of when classes were offered, it was virtually impossible to graduate in less than six years. She is now struggling to repay $65,000 more in student loan debt than friends who graduated in four years.

   2. The percentage of students who actually graduate — College Completion is a site that identifies graduation rates for two and four-year schools. PayScale is a similar site that highlights graduation rates, college costs, and overall value.

5. How much is the student loan balance for new grads? — As CBS Money Watch highlights, student loan debt continues to rise. The level of debt ties back to the cost of the school, how long it takes students to graduate, and how much of the total cost is covered by grants and financial aid (other than student loans). Locate the best and worst states with student debt at WalletHub, but ask about the actual debt levels at specific schools of interest as well. Some of the lists in #8 include this important data.

6. ROI: Will the numbers work? — The bottom line for all students is how much they’ll be able to earn once they graduate...and if it will be enough to repay the cost of the education. For example, the Center for College Affordability reports that engineering and economics graduates typically earn almost double what social work and education graduates receive by mid-career.

   When comparing potential salaries, there are two criteria to evaluate:

   1) The average salary per graduate of a specific school: PayScale.com: College ROI Report (click on the specific school for details)

   2) The average salary paid for specific degree programs: PayScale.com: Salaries per Degree

   Before applying for a student loan, estimate the costs of the college(s), how much you’ll need to borrow, and the projected income in your chosen field. Then go to FinAid.org to calculate monthly payments and determine if the numbers will work.

7. What’s the student loan default rate? — Schools with a high student loan default rate (often referred to as the cohort rate) send a big red flag to prospective students that the school may be too expensive, the students may be borrowing too much, it takes too long to graduate, or that students can’t find a job upon graduation. To check a school’s three-year cohort default rate, search College Navigator or the Department of Education’s Cohort Default Rate Database.

8. How are the schools rated? — Another step is exploring the myriad Best Of rankings. There are all types of comparisons in these lists, from generic ratings like the Best Schools in the Midwest (best regional schools) or the ones with the prettiest campuses to more specific lists such as the Top Undergrad Schools for Video Game Design (best schools for specific fields/industries).

   Carefully review the scoring system used to create these lists. In some cases they are so subjective, they may not be of much value, but any information will help you become a more informed consumer. When thousands of dollars are at stake and your future career is at risk, it will pay to dig into the details. For more details on the validity of lists, see Do College Rankings Mean Anything?

   Here are just a few of the lists and sites to help compare schools. Some are free or provide only limited information, but others charge a fee for complete access. Many of these 10 questions can be answered by several of the following comprehensive rating lists:

   ▪ Money’s Best Colleges (free basic info; full access $24.95/year)

   ▪ U.S. News: Best Colleges (free basic info; full access $29.95/year)

   ▪ Princeton Review’s Best 380 Colleges (create a free account for basic info; buy the book for $23.99)

   ▪ 50 Best Online Colleges (free)

   ▪ 100 Best Colleges & Universities by State (free)

   Caution: Again, evaluate rankings carefully. These lists are all different, so it’s important to look at the methodology each list uses to rank schools, their rating criteria, and if they allow “featured” schools.

   College Navigator — While this site won’t provide an external rating of the quality of a school, it’s a free government source to build your own table of preferred colleges to compare fees, financial aid, net price, programs and majors, and student loan default rates.

9. Will the school survive huge debt obligations? — In recent months, new regulations and overwhelming debt loads have caused more private and for-profit schools to struggle to stay afloat. Shark Tank’s Mark Cuban warns that this is just the start of the college implosion. This dramatic trend will not only affect current students but graduates as well. A degree from a school that is no longer in operation can lose its value quickly.

   The Department of Education has compiled a list of schools with questionable finances or that may lose access to Federal Student Aid. Consider avoiding schools that don’t meet the 90/10 Rule, where more than 90% of their income comes from Title IV (Federal Student Aid) sources.

10. What’s the mean SAT or ACT score? — This may sound like a trivial reason to select a school, but it’s actually an important stat to consider. If the mean (average) SAT score is 1600 at the college or university, and yours is closer to 1200, what’s going to happen when professors grade on a curve? While ambition is important, barely qualifying to get into a school could set some students up for failure, and could be a major reason they eventually drop out. Go to CollegeSimply: Colleges by Test Score or CollegeBoard: Test Scores & Selectivity to find a school that matches your scores.

This article is shared under the expressed permission and collaboration with Fiscal Fitness Clubs of America. Copyright 2017, Fiscal Fitness Clubs of America. This in an unpublished work of authorship protected by the laws of the U.S.A. It may not be reproduced, copied, published or loaned to other parties without the expressed written consent of Fiscal Fitness Clubs of America, LLC.